🔬 Biology · Class 12 · NEET
Reproduction in Organisms - Practice Questions with Answers
75 free MCQs on Reproduction in Organisms, each with its own worked answer and explanation. Asexual and sexual reproduction, flower anatomy, pollination, fertilization, and seed development.
Take the timed Reproduction in Organisms chapterwise test →75 practice questions on Reproduction in Organisms, sorted Easy → Hard. Try each one first, then open its answer page for the worked explanation. Want the full theory first? Read the Reproduction in Organisms notes.
Structure of a mature flower. Image: LadyofHats (Mariana Ruiz), Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons.
Easy - 25 questions
Q1.
The special mass of cells that helps sponges reproduce asexually is called the:
- A Gemmule
- B Conidium
- C Zoospore
- D Bulbil
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Q2.
In filamentous algae and some fungi, the motile asexual spores produced are called:
- A Gemmules
- B Zoospores
- C Conidia
- D Basidiospores
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Q3.
Reproduction in which offspring are formed from a single parent without gamete fusion is:
- A Syngamy
- B Sexual reproduction
- C Asexual reproduction
- D Amphimixis
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Q4.
The fusion of the haploid male and female gametes to form a diploid zygote is called:
- A Fragmentation
- B Meiosis
- C Budding
- D Syngamy
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Q5.
In organisms like Hydra and yeast, a new individual develops as an outgrowth from the parent body. This is:
- A Budding
- B Binary fission
- C Fragmentation
- D Sporulation
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Q6.
Grafting in plants is done to:
- A Boost the number of seeds a plant yields
- B Combine desirable traits of two varieties onto one plant
- C Increase the rate of chlorophyll synthesis in leaves
- D Generate an entirely new species through hybridization
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Q7.
Spores in ferns are produced by:
- A Seeds formed after fertilization of the ovule
- B Pollen grains released from the anther
- C Meiosis in sporangia (on undersides of fronds)
- D Rhizome fragmentation alone, without spore formation
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Q8.
In bryophytes (mosses), the dominant generation is the:
- A Sporophyte, which bears the capsule on a stalk
- B Gametophyte (the green plant you see)
- C Sporophyte and gametophyte in exactly equal proportion
- D The protonema stage, which dominates over both generations
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Q9.
Reproduction that involves a single parent and produces genetically identical offspring is:
- A sexual reproduction
- B cross-pollination
- C asexual reproduction
- D syngamy
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Q10.
The fusion of a male and a female gamete is called:
- A pollination
- B germination
- C gametogenesis
- D fertilisation
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Q11.
Genetically identical offspring produced from a single parent are known as:
- A mutants
- B hybrids
- C clones
- D zygotes
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Q13.
Reproduction involving a single parent is called what?
- A Asexual
- B the plain sexual type
- C a two-parent method
- D only external fusion
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Q14.
Offspring produced by asexual reproduction are called what?
- A Clones
- B plain hybrids
- C the mixed variants
- D only new mutants
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Q15.
Amoeba reproduces asexually by which process?
- A Binary fission
- B a plain seed setting
- C only leaf cutting
- D some pollen transfer
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Q16.
Yeast commonly reproduces asexually by which method?
- A Budding
- B the plain fission way
- C only spore casing
- D some root cutting
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Q17.
The fusion of two gametes forms which structure?
- A Zygote
- B a plain gamete cell
- C only a spore body
- D some empty cyst
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Q18.
The eye of a potato tuber is used for which purpose?
- A Vegetative growth
- B the plain seed making
- C only fruit setting
- D some pollen storage
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Q19.
Bryophyllum produces buds on which part?
- A Leaf margins
- B a plain deep root
- C only the flower base
- D some inner bark layer
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Q20.
The period from birth to natural death is called the?
- A Life span
- B a plain rest phase
- C only the growth stage
- D some single juvenile bit
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Q21.
In which phase does an organism reproduce?
- A Reproductive
- B a plain juvenile one
- C only the senescent end
- D some pre-birth stage
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Q22.
Animals that lay eggs are described as what?
- A Oviparous
- B the plain viviparous
- C only ovoviviparous
- D some live-bearing type
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Q23.
Animals that give birth to young ones are called what?
- A Viviparous
- B the plain oviparous
- C only egg-laying ones
- D some external spawners
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Q24.
Male and female gametes are collectively known as what?
- A Gametes
- B plain zygotes
- C the fixed spores
- D only somatic cells
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Q25.
In flowering plants, which structure develops into a seed?
- A Ovule
- B a plain green sepal
- C only the male anther
- D some dry style tube
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Medium - 25 questions
Q26.
The stage between the formation of the zygote and reproductive maturity during which the organism grows is the:
- A Senescent phase
- B Juvenile phase
- C Reproductive phase
- D Dormant phase
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Q27.
In flowering plants, fertilisation is generally not immediate after pollination because:
- A Meiosis occurs in the zygote
- B The ovary wall must first develop into a fruit
- C The pollen tube must grow down the style to the ovule
- D The stigma must mature first
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Q28.
The pre-fertilisation event in which a diploid cell undergoes meiosis to form haploid gametes is:
- A Parthenogenesis
- B Syngamy
- C Embryogenesis
- D Gametogenesis
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Q29.
In honeybees, drones are haploid because they develop from unfertilised eggs by:
- A Parthenogenesis
- B Syngamy
- C Binary fission
- D Fragmentation
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Q30.
An organism described as hermaphrodite, such as the earthworm, is one that:
- A Reproduces only asexually
- B Possesses both male and female reproductive organs
- C Lays eggs that develop without fertilisation
- D Has only one kind of reproductive organ
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Q31.
Seed dormancy mechanisms include:
- A Mainly prolonged dry storage conditions maintained for several full months prior to sowing the seed in most textbook accounts
- B Hard seed coat (physical), presence of germination inhibitors (chemical), requirement for cold stratification, or light requirement
- C Exposure to consistently high ambient temperature mainly, with few other environmental cues involved during normal conditions
- D A substantial lack of available oxygen occurring within the surrounding seed coat tissue over time as generally observed in typical laboratory settings
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Q32.
The phenomenon of vivipary in plants refers to:
- A Two separate embryos developing within a single seed coat
- B Seed or embryo germinating while still attached to the parent plant
- C Plants producing mature seeds without ever forming flowers
- D Seeds that require exposure to fire before they can germinate
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Q33.
A monoecious plant is one that:
- A Has mainly female flowers, typically requiring a separate male plant nearby in routine practice
- B Has mainly male flowers, relying on a separate female plant for seed set overall
- C Has both male and female flowers on the same individual plant (e.g., maize, cucumber)
- D Has mainly bisexual flowers with fused stamens and pistils throughout in most cases
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Q34.
Gymnosperm seed development differs from angiosperm in lacking:
- A Pollen production, since gymnosperms rely on vegetative propagation
- B A fruit (seeds are naked, not enclosed in a fruit)
- C True seeds, producing only spore-like dispersal units instead
- D Embryo formation, with seeds remaining undifferentiated at release
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Q35.
The "eyes" of a potato tuber that develop into new plants are actually:
- A flowers
- B axillary buds
- C adventitious roots
- D leaves
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Q36.
Non-primate mammals such as cows and dogs show a reproductive cycle called the:
- A menstrual cycle
- B diurnal cycle
- C oestrus cycle
- D cardiac cycle
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Q37.
An organism that bears only one kind of reproductive organ, being either male or female, is described as:
- A hermaphrodite
- B bisexual
- C monoecious
- D unisexual
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Q39.
Which structure is the asexual reproductive unit in Chlamydomonas?
- A Zoospore
- B a plain conidium
- C only a leaf bud
- D some root gemma
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Q40.
Penicillium reproduces asexually by which spores?
- A Conidia
- B the plain zoospores
- C only motile gametes
- D some large gemmules
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Q41.
Which organisms reproduce asexually using gemmules?
- A Sponges
- B plain hydra polyps
- C only jellyfish medusae
- D some flat planaria
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Q42.
Hydra reproduces asexually by which method?
- A Budding
- B the plain fragmentation
- C only binary fission
- D some spore forming
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Q43.
The cyclical secretion of sex hormones in non-primates gives which cycle?
- A Oestrus cycle
- B a plain menstrual cycle
- C only the lunar cycle
- D some fixed diurnal one
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Q44.
The menstrual cycle is characteristic of which group?
- A Primates
- B a plain reptile group
- C only the amphibians
- D some egg-laying birds
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Q45.
Organisms breeding only once in a lifetime are called what?
- A Semelparous
- B the plain iteroparous
- C only continuous breeders
- D some seasonal spawners
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Q46.
Fertilisation occurring outside the female body is termed what?
- A External
- B a plain internal type
- C only self fertilisation
- D some double fertilisation
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Q47.
Which arrangement shows external fertilisation?
- A Frogs in water
- B a plain internal bird
- C only the mammal womb
- D some dry land reptile
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Q48.
The formation of gametes is broadly called what?
- A Gametogenesis
- B a plain embryogenesis
- C only organogenesis
- D some slow histogenesis
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Q49.
Development of an embryo from the zygote is called what?
- A Embryogenesis
- B a plain gametogenesis
- C only fertilisation
- D some simple budding
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Q50.
In which plants do bulbils serve as vegetative propagules?
- A Agave
- B a plain wheat plant
- C only the tall coconut
- D some small grass blade
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Hard - 25 questions
Q51.
Vegetatively propagated plants such as banana and sugarcane are genetically identical to the parent and together form a:
- A Clone
- B Hybrid
- C Mutant
- D Zygote
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Q52.
In diploid organisms, meiosis during gamete formation is essential because it:
- A Produces genetically identical gametes
- B Doubles the chromosome number in each new generation
- C Halves the chromosome number so syngamy restores diploidy
- D Prevents any variation in offspring
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Q53.
In haploid-dominant organisms such as many algae and fungi, meiosis occurs:
- A Only in the spores
- B During gamete formation
- C In the vegetative adult body cells
- D In the zygote, just after its formation
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Q54.
A bamboo species that flowers once after many years, produces seeds and then dies, illustrates:
- A Polycarpic reproduction
- B Monocarpic reproduction
- C Vegetative propagation
- D Continuous breeding
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Q55.
External fertilisation, as seen in bony fishes and frogs, is characteristically accompanied by:
- A Formation of few, well-protected eggs
- B Internal development of the embryo
- C Production of a very large number of gametes
- D Absence of a larval stage
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Q56.
The sporophyte generation is dominant in:
- A Mainly mosses, where the sporophyte is sometimes thought to overshadow the gametophyte stage
- B All land plants (embryophytes), sometimes mistakenly thought to be without any exception at all
- C Ferns, seed plants, and gymnosperms (not mosses/liverworts where gametophyte dominates)
- D Mainly algae, which are sometimes mistakenly thought to lack a true alternation of generations
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Q57.
Chemical ecology of seed dispersal involves:
- A Seeds producing toxic chemical compounds alone as their main documented adaptation specifically related to successful dispersal overall each season in the majority of cases studied
- B Seeds producing elaioisomes, fleshy fruits with colors targeting specific frugivores, or chemical repellents to keep non-dispersers away while attracting proper seed dispersers
- C Physical adaptations alone, such as hooked spines or feathery wings, occurring with little accompanying chemistry involved most times as widely reported in standard practice
- D Color signals alone, occurring largely without any accompanying chemical attractant compounds being produced by the plant itself under most conditions encountered as frequently observed in practice
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Q59.
A plant such as bamboo that flowers only once in its life cycle and then dies is termed:
- A monocarpic
- B polycarpic
- C iteroparous
- D viviparous
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Q60.
In sexually reproducing organisms, the diploid chromosome number of the species is restored by:
- A gamete formation
- B fertilisation
- C cell elongation
- D cytokinesis
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Q61.
Water hyacinth spreads rapidly mainly through which means?
- A Vegetative growth
- B a plain seed dispersal
- C only wind pollination
- D some slow root graft
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Q62.
In haploid organisms, meiosis occurs at which stage?
- A Zygote stage
- B a plain gamete stage
- C only the adult body
- D some early bud stage
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Q63.
In diploid organisms, gametes are formed by meiosis in which cells?
- A Meiocytes
- B plain zygote cells
- C only skin somatic cells
- D some fixed spore cases
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Q64.
Which plant part in ginger acts as a vegetative propagule?
- A Rhizome
- B a plain leaf tip
- C only the flower
- D some dry seed coat
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Q65.
The offset is a vegetative propagule seen in which plant?
- A Water lettuce
- B a plain mango tree
- C only the tall bamboo
- D some dry cactus pad
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Q66.
Which event marks the end of the juvenile phase in animals?
- A Sexual maturity
- B a plain birth event
- C only the death point
- D some early cell split
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Q67.
Post-fertilisation events lead to formation of which structure?
- A Embryo
- B a plain gamete
- C only the anther
- D some empty ovule
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Q68.
In honeybees, males develop from unfertilised eggs by which process?
- A Parthenogenesis
- B a plain fertilisation
- C only external fusion
- D some binary fission
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Q69.
The transfer of pollen grains before fertilisation is which type of event?
- A Pre-fertilisation
- B a plain post-fusion one
- C only a zygotic step
- D some final embryo stage
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Q70.
Which of these is a true bisexual (monoecious) example?
- A Earthworm
- B a plain cockroach
- C only the male frog
- D some female cat
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Q71.
A flower with both stamens and carpels is described as what?
- A Bisexual
- B a plain male one
- C only the female type
- D some sterile empty one
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Q72.
In Planaria, the ability to regenerate a whole body is called what?
- A Regeneration
- B a plain budding act
- C only binary fission
- D some spore release
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Q73.
Bamboo species typically flower after roughly how many years?
- A 50 to 100 years
- B a plain single year
- C only about ten years
- D some fixed two years
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Q74.
Strobilanthes kunthiana (Neelakuranji) flowers at what interval?
- A Once in 12 years
- B a plain single year
- C only every second year
- D some fixed fifty years
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Q75.
Which phase follows the reproductive phase and precedes death?
- A Senescent phase
- B a plain juvenile one
- C only the vegetative bit
- D some early embryo stage
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